Florida’s Attorney-General says that the State had opened a criminal investigation into ChatGPT and its parent company, OpenAI, based on a review of messages between the chatbot and the man accused of killing two people at Florida State University last year.
The Attorney-General, James Uthmeier, a Republican, said the messages suggested that ChatGPT “offered significant advice to the shooter before he committed such heinous crimes.”
He pointed to several exchanges, including ones in which the suspect asked about a gun’s power at short range and which ammunition might be used for it.
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“My prosecutors have looked at this, and they’ve told me if it was a person on the other end of the screen, we would be charging them with murder,” Uthmeier said at a news conference in Tampa.
Two adults died, and six other people, including at least one student, were injured in April 2025 at the shooting near the student union at Florida State, a public university with an enrollment of more than 43,000 in Tallahassee. The suspect, Phoenix Ikner, who was then a 20-year-old student at the university, faces multiple charges of murder and attempted murder and is in jail awaiting trial.
Prosecutors have gathered as evidence messages that the suspect exchanged with ChatGPT. On the day of the shooting, he asked the chatbot how the country would react to a shooting at Florida State and when the busiest time was at the student union, according to messages obtained by The New York Times through a public records request.
Uthmeier first announced April 9 that his office would be opening an investigation into OpenAI and ChatGPT. On Tuesday, he said a civil investigation that his office initiated this month into the company’s potential liability would continue, along with the criminal investigation.
OpenAI said in a statement that it was cooperating with authorities but was accepting no blame for the incident.
“Last year’s mass shooting at Florida State University was a tragedy, but ChatGPT is not responsible for this terrible crime,” the statement said.
Students hold a vigil near the scene of a shooting near the Florida State University student centre on April 17, 2025 in Tallahassee, Florida. Credit: Miguel J. Rodriguez Carrillo/Getty Images
“In this case, ChatGPT provided factual responses to questions with information that could be found broadly across public sources on the internet, and it did not encourage or promote illegal or harmful activity.”
Uthmeier acknowledged Tuesday that OpenAI is a company, not a person, and said that exploring potential criminal culpability against the company would be novel legal territory.
But he also said that he had a duty to find out whether “human beings may have been involved in the design, management and operation” of the chatbot to the point that it would “warrant criminal liability.”
His office plans to subpoena OpenAI for records, including policies and internal training documents regarding the possibility of users threatening harm to themselves or others, he said.
Uthmeier was named Attorney-General by Governor Ron DeSantis last year and is running for a full term this year.
DeSantis, a fellow Republican, has championed legislation reining in the power of artificial intelligence, a position that has put him at odds with the White House’s more pro-AI approach. The governor has called on state lawmakers to set guardrails for the use of AI in a special session next week.
