With ongoing debate about banning platforms like TikTok, Snapchat and YouTube for under-16s, new research from Adelaide University is adding a fresh perspective.
Published in JAMA Pediatrics, the study has identified a ‘sweet spot’ when it comes to teen social media usage, with moderate engagement, defined as up to 12.5 hours per week, linked to more positive well-being outcomes.
The research, which analysed data from more than 100,000 Australian students across three years, found that both extremes, too much social media and none at all, were associated with poorer wellbeing.
Lead author Dr Ben Singh says the findings challenge the often one-sided narrative around social media and young people. “Public debate often frames social media as being harmful to teenagers’ wellbeing, but our findings suggest the reality is far more nuanced,” Dr Singh said.
The study revealed differences between boys and girls, as well as across age groups. For girls, moderate use was linked to better wellbeing during the middle teenage years (roughly ages 12 to 15 and beyond). For boys, however, not using social media at all in later adolescence was associated with poorer wellbeing.
For younger people, stepping away from social media appeared to have little impact, with offline friendships and interactions still meeting most social needs. But as teens get older, platforms increasingly become spaces for connection, identity and belonging.
“It’s a real Goldilocks scenario – not too little and not too much social media is best for teenagers’ wellbeing,” Dr Singh said.
While the findings offer some reassurance for parents and teens, the study still reinforces concerns around excessive screen time. Teens reporting the highest levels of social media use were consistently more likely to experience lower wellbeing, including increased sadness, anxiety and difficulty regulating emotions.
Instead of blanket bans or total avoidance, the research points to a more balanced approach.
“What the data points to is moderation, not extremes, as the healthiest pattern overall. Helping teenagers find a healthy middle ground may be more effective than a blanket ban or total avoidance.”
As conversations around screen time, digital safety and youth mental health continue to evolve, this Adelaide-led research suggests the answer might not be cutting social media out entirely, but learning how to use it well.
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