The US has seized a Russian-flagged oil tanker in the Atlantic Ocean in a high-stakes operation that could risk confrontation with the Kremlin after Moscow reportedly dispatched a submarine to safeguard the vessel.
The Marinera, formerly known as the Bella 1, “was seized in the North Atlantic pursuant to a warrant issued by a US federal court after being tracked by USCGC Munro”, US European Command said in a post on X. US media reported that the country’s coastguard had successfully boarded the oil tanker, facing no resistance.
The Russian state broadcaster RT earlier published two grainy photographs showing a helicopter approaching the tanker, saying an operation was under way.
A screen grab from footage published by Russian state media purporting to show a US helicopter approaching the Marinera on Wednesday. Photograph: X
The seizure, the latest demonstration of brazen US military power and reach, marks the culmination of a dramatic pursuit lasting more than two weeks.
The US Coast Guard said on Wednesday it had separately intercepted another dark-fleet tanker that is under sanctions, the M Sophia, in a pre-dawn operation in the Caribbean.
The Marinera had been navigating in the Atlantic between Iceland and the UK, according to ship-tracking data from MarineTraffic. The Wall Street Journal reported that several helicopters and at least one coastguard vessel were used to take control of the tanker.
Britain provided support to the US in its operation, the Ministry of Defence said in a statement.
The Kremlin has yet to comment on the events but Russia’s transport ministry said in a statement that US forces had boarded the vessel outside the territorial waters of any state and that contact with it had been lost.
The ministry cited the 1982 UN convention on the law of the sea, which says “no state has the right to use force against vessels duly registered in the jurisdictions of other states”.
The ministry’s spokesperson demanded the US ensure the humane and dignified treatment of Russian citizens onboard the Marinera and guarantee their swift return to Russia.
Donald Trump imposed a “complete blockade” on sanctions-hit Venezuelan oil tankers last month, after which US forces seized several vessels operating under opaque jurisdictions.
The US defence secretary, Pete Hegseth, wrote on X: “The blockade of sanctioned and illicit Venezuelan oil remains in FULL EFFECT – anywhere in the world.”
The pursuit of the Marinera began after it turned back into the Atlantic while travelling from Iran to Venezuela, having attempted to evade a US blockade targeting sanction-hit oil tankers operating near Venezuelan waters.
The operation – the first known US military seizure of a Russian-flagged vessel in recent history – is likely to strain relations with Vladimir Putin, coming at a sensitive moment as negotiations over a potential peace deal in Ukraine continue and after the US capture of Venezuela’s president, Nicolás Maduro, a longstanding Kremlin ally.
The vessel is part of the so-called shadow fleet moving oil for Russia, Iran and Venezuela. It was placed under sanctions by the US in 2024 over allegations it carried illicit cargo for a Hezbollah-owned company
Initial reports suggest the ageing tanker is empty, having been en route to pick up Venezuelan oil before changing course. Even so, Moscow appears to have gone to considerable lengths to protect the vessel, raising questions about why it is willing to risk a standoff with the west over it.
The Wall Street Journal reported late on Tuesday that the Russian navy had deployed a submarine to escort the tanker, heightening the stakes of any confrontation in the North Atlantic.
In the 24 hours preceding the operation, multiple western surveillance flights were observed over the vessel, including aircraft from US bases in Iceland and RAF Rivet Joint, and P-8 Poseidon planes from the UK, which are capable of detecting submarines.
A handout photo from US European Command shows the Marinera. Photograph: @US_EUCOM/X/PA
In December, the crew repelled an attempted US boarding near Venezuelan waters. The vessel was subsequently renamed from Bella 1 to Marinera, a Russian flag was painted on its hull and it was added to Russia’s official shipping registry. Moscow later lodged a formal diplomatic protest demanding that Washington halt its pursuit.
The tanker departed the Gulf of Oman in November, transiting the Suez canal and the strait of Gibraltar before crossing the Atlantic in early December. As US pressure on Venezuela intensified – culminating in the capture of Maduro – the vessel stopped abruptly near the Caribbean on 15 December and reversed course, heading back towards Europe.
Marinera’s return journey across the Atlantic has been markedly atypical, according to marine transport experts. Instead of taking the usual route through the Channel, the tanker veered sharply north, steering into the stretch of ocean between Iceland and Ireland.
Mikhail Zvinchuk, an influential military blogger with close ties to Russia’s defence ministry, said the decision to reflag the vessel under Russian jurisdiction shortly before its seizure had placed Moscow in an extremely awkward position.
He said the move “sets a precedent for further operations against Russia’s so-called shadow fleet, not only in the Atlantic but in other regions of the world as well”.
Registry data reviewed by the New York Times showed that at least three other oil tankers that had operated in Venezuelan waters in recent weeks had since been reflagged under the Russian banner, pointing to a growing trend of Moscow extending its registry to vessels facing US sanctions.
The move could complicate relations between Moscow and Washington at a time when Trump has shown frustration with Putin over Russia’s continued fighting in Ukraine.
